[LAU] OT: unbalanced to balanced

Ricardus Vincente wizardofgosz at gmail.com
Tue Sep 8 21:00:14 EDT 2009


On Wed, 2009-09-09 at 10:49 +1000, James Cameron wrote:

 But one obvious clue, is that if it is a TRS connector being used in a
true stereo application (headphones, etc...) then it is not balanced.

 Rich...


> On Tue, Sep 08, 2009 at 05:16:00PM -0700, sevol wrote:
> > hmmm, wouldn't any TRS cable plugged into equipment with balanced
> > connections create balanced interconnects? If not, how would you
> > distinguish between a TRS unbalanced & TRS balanced cable from jsut
> > looking at them? I'm wondering.
> 
> It is not possible to distinguish by looking at the cable, nor even by
> electrical means ... it is not up to the cable alone.  Whether the
> system (the output, the cable, and the input) is balanced depends on all
> three components, not just the cable.
> 
> As an example, an XLR connector and cable, common in stage microphone
> setups, can be used in an unbalanced fashion.  Either through accident
> or intentionally.
> 
> A TRS to TRS cable where the sleeve is anchored to the shield ... can be
> used as a balanced cable for one audio channel ... if the devices at
> either end are in agreement about it.  It is *normally* used as an
> unbalanced cable for two audio channels.
> 
> The usual audio cable is two cores with a shield ... and when it is
> used in a balanced configuration the shield is excluded from the audio
> signal path.  A TRS cable is normally thus.
> 
> A cable with a shield and one core cannot easily be used as a balanced
> line, since the shield will pick up a different amount of noise compared
> to the core.
> 
> There is equipment out there that carefully isolates the sleeve of the
> socket from the power supply protective earth, and this reduces hum and
> may well be said to be "balanced".
> 
> To test audio cables, I use a multimeter and a sewing needle:
> 
> 1.  test the multimeter by checking that it reads no connection when the
> probes aren't connected, and connection when the probes are connected,
> 
> 2.  check for isolation between each of the plug sections; tip, ring,
> and sleeve,
> 
> 3.  check for connection between each of the corresponding plug sections
> at either end of the cable, tip to tip, ring to ring, sleeve to sleeve,
> 
> 4.  stick the needle just under the surface of the cable, and check that
> the cable shield has a connection to the plug sleeve.
> 
> (I'm talking above about audio frequencies.  At radio frequencies, an
> unbalanced transmission line is something like coax, and balanced is
> ribbon.)
> 




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