Yes indeed -- SuperCollider has a fantastic pattern system that's ideal for this. You program a pattern and create the synths, then over time, in realtime, you can modify and change the patterns (and synths, and effects, and everything else).
There's a good-sized learning curve, but H. James Harkins has created a fabulous guide/tutorial that focuses on the right things:
http://supercollider.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/supercollider/trunk/build/Help/Streams-Patterns-Events/A%20Practical%20Guide/PG_01_Introduction.html .
This really is an amazing way to make music. If you haven't tried SuperCollider, I can't recommend it enough -- it's the power of Csound combined with the natural realitime capabilities of pd, plus a lot more.
micromoog