I seem to be having the same difficulties here on Natty. 
/etc/security/limits.d/audio.conf is correctly set up.
ulimits -l -r tells me I have unlimited memory and max priority of 95
I am definately a member of the Audio group.

Firewire is working correctly (will start without realtime, alsa backend fails to get realtime also) and yet starting jackd will yeild the following.  

jackd -d firewire
jackdmp 1.9.7
Copyright 2001-2005 Paul Davis and others.
Copyright 2004-2010 Grame.
jackdmp comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; see the file COPYING for details
Cannot create thread 1 Operation not permitted
Cannot create thread 1 Operation not permitted
JACK server starting in realtime mode with priority 10
Cannot create thread 1 Operation not permitted
ERROR: messagebuffer not initialized: libffado 2.999.0- built Nov  1 2010 21:44:06
ERROR: messagebuffer not initialized: 01912191011: Error (PosixThread.cpp)[ 150] Start: Cannot create realtime thread (1: Operation not permitted)
ERROR: messagebuffer not initialized: 01912191047: Error (PosixThread.cpp)[ 151] Start:  priority: 15
firewire ERR: FFADO: Error creating virtual device
Cannot attach audio driver
JackServer::Open() failed with -1
Failed to start server

Something else seems to be going wrong here.                              
On Sun, Nov 22, 2009 at 6:13 PM, Scott Ecker <lau@troutpocket.org> wrote:
> Hey,
>
> Can't seem to start jackd in realtime as user on ubuntu studio. It
> does start as root, but that's hardly a consolation (unless I run all
> audio software as root, which would be kinda daft IMO)
> ...

Have you tried modifying /etc/udev/rules.d/something (debian/ubuntu) or
/etc/security/console.perms.d/60-raw1394.perms (fedora)?  Make sure you
assign your security group (audio?) to the /dev/raw1394 device.

-Scott
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