I found that reading Bores "introduction to DSP" pages was quite helpful:
http://www.bores.com/courses/intro/index.htm

Its pretty basic stuff, and the latter pages go off topic towards hardware DSP programming... But the introductory stuff is good IMO.

I've also read the book "Computer Music: Synthesis, Composition & Performance" by Dodge & Jerse, has a pretty good overview of a broader spectrum (starting a sampling / aliasing, ending at various points like subtractive-synthesis & biquad filters in the synthesis sections...) probably a bit broader than you're looking for, but I'd say worth the mention anyway.

Of course reading the conversations on http://musicdsp.org/ and thier mailinglist may be of help. Also if you can learn by reverse-engineering, check out the source code available for Faust at  http://faust.grame.fr/

HTH, -Harry

PS: If you do bump into brilliant resources, I'm all ears :)