[LAU] Ardour: exporting woes

[Ralf Mardorf]

On Thu, 24 Mar 2016 11:25:40 -0700 (PDT), Len Ovens wrote:
>On Thu, 24 Mar 2016, Ralf Mardorf wrote:
>
>>> No, it's less than -12.
>>>
>>> -10dBV is < -7.8dBu
>>> +4dBu is < +1.8dBV
>>>
>>> 4 + 7.8 = 11.8
>>> 10 + 1.8 = 11.8  
>>
>> [snip (since 11.8 should be correct)]
>
>Whatever the case, 0db on the DAC level is going to distort the
>average consumer amplifier.

It's most likely 11.8, but what does it mean for the dBFS?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBFS#Analog_levels :

EBU R68 is used in most European countries, specifying +18 dBu at 0 dBFS
In Europe, the EBU recommend that -18 dBFS equates to the Alignment Level
European & UK calibration for Post & Film is −18 dBFS = 0 VU
UK broadcasters, Alignment Level is taken as 0 dBu (PPM4 or -4VU)
US installations use +24 dBu for 0 dBFS
American and Australian Post: −20 dBFS = 0 VU = +4 dBu
The American SMPTE standard defines -20 dBFS as the Alignment Level
In Japan, France and some other countries, converters may be calibrated for +22 dBu at 0 dBFS.
BBC spec: −18 dBFS = PPM "4" = 0 dBu
German ARD & studio PPM +6 dBu = −10 (−9) dBFS. +16 (+15)dBu = 0 dBFS. No VU.
Belgium VRT: 0dB (VRT Ref.) = +6dBu ; -9dBFS = 0dB (VRT Ref.) ; 0dBFS = +15dBu.