Linux-audio-dev January 2003

linux-audio-dev@lists.linuxaudio.org

99 participants
111 discussions

[linux-audio-dev] Additional LADSPA hints

by robbins jacob

To my own surprise I have to object to the suggestion: /* AUDIO_RATE_CONTROL. Hints than an audio control should/could be controlled by a high time res. slider or control data, but shouldn't be connected to the next audio signal by default. I can't think of any simple examples off hand, but combined with MOMENTARY it could be used for sample accurate tempo tapping. */ As is see it, this declares that an audio port should be used for control data. I oppose because it is ugly to declare a port one thing in its PortDescriptor only to reverse this in the PortRangeHint. Furthermore, this ugliness is likely to cause problems in hosts that do not parse this hint value*. I believe that the true intention here was to undo the requirement that data ports can only have one value per run() block, but the author realized that undoing that requirement has significant implications. The primary problem occurs when the plugin assumes a particular control is continuous but the host abides by ladspa.h v1.1 which does not allow more than one control value per block. The plugin will treat that control port's data pointer as if it pointed to an array of the blocksize passed to run(), but the host will have only allocated a single value so there is a memory error. (*)I argue that turning audio ports into data ports will cause enough host incompatibility problems that you might as well do it correctly IF you really feel it's worth it to add this feature. Here are some incompatibilities which arise from using audio ports as continuous control ports: -the host doesn't parse the hint and sends audio to the control resulting in caucophonous output. -the host does realize it shouldn't send audio to the "audio" port but doesn't have a facility for sending control data arrays to audio ports, so the user is unable to manipulate some of the controls on the plugin. Plugin writers are more likely to use continuous controls for important plugin features which warrant the extra detail, so unmodified hosts will be unable to accomodate very useful plugins that do who-knows-what. Basically, introducing arrays of control data will force ALL reasonable hosts to adapt to handle that ability. So I believe we are better off keeping ladspa.h straightforward and self consistent by eliminating the strict single control value requirement and dealing with the issues involved, as opposed to maintaining a false veneer of backwards compatibility by allowing use of audio ports for control data. What are the issues involved with eliminating one control value per block? I think that all you need to do is remove it and add a data port hint CONTINUOUS which means the host _must_ attach that control port to a whole block's worth of data for each run. As i said before, this kills backwards compatibility of hosts, but you are going to do that for the majority of hosts anyway if you reappropriate audio ports for control data and reappropriating audio ports is ugly. As to whether I support adding CONTINUOUS data ports and breaking host compatibility; i haven't written my host yet so yes i support it because it will be easy enough to implement (or so i think :) --jacob robbins................. _________________________________________________________________ The new MSN 8: smart spam protection and 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] [ANN] JACK TimeMachine 0.0.2

by Steve Harris

I've fixed some build issues and theoretically made it slightly more efficient. If you managed to build 0.0.1 theres no real point in you upgrading. Theres also now a webpage of sorts, with a screenshot ;) http://plugin.org.uk/timemachine/ - Steve

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] BU FIRSATTAN RARARLANIN.

by MARAMARA Erotik Market

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21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] [OT] Linux Music & Sound Software site updated

by Dave Phillips

Greetings: As of January 19 2003 the Linux Music & Sound Applications pages have been updated. The site may be reached here: http://sound.condorow.net (USA) Here: http://www.linuxsound.at (Europe) And here: http://www.ymo.org/linuxsound/ (Japan) The Japanese site will not update until January 20. Enjoy ! Best regards, == Dave Phillips The Book Of Linux Music & Sound at http://www.nostarch.com/lms.htm The Linux Soundapps Site at http://linux-sound.org

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] ecawave development stopped

by Kai Vehmanen

Ecawave will no longer be actively developed. The Linux audio application scene has changed drastically since January of 2000 when the first version of ecawave was released. Nowadays there are many FOSS (free and open source software) audio file editors available for you to choose from. As replacements to ecawave I recommend: - Audacity - GLAME - GNUsound - Sweep - ... check the list at: http://freshmeat.net/search/?q=audio%20file%20editor&section=projects My thanks to all who have participated in ecawave development! -- http://www.eca.cx Audio software for Linux!

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] XAP: Cookies and Event Actions

by David Olofson

While hacking a more uniform control event type into Audiality, I realized something: The event action *might* be better off as a part of the cookie. The voice mixers in Audiality have two types of controls; ramped controls and controls without ramping. As it is, they're implemented in different ways, use different arrays, different events and different event handling code. You use SET for the non-ramped controls, and ISET, IRAMP and ISTOP for the ramped controls. Same index means one control for SET, and another for ISET. Fine; no problem with that so far, since the Patch Plugins (that drive the voices, implementing mono/poly, envelopes and whatnot) have intimate knowledge of the voice controls. Everything's hardcoded, basically. However, when applied to "real" plugins, this scheme has a problem: There are two kinds of controls, and they're not compatible in any way. If you have ramped output, you need a ramped input, and vice versa. Now, the idea I had was to drop the event action/type field, and have receivers encode that part as well, into the cookie. That way, if you don't have ramping for some controls, you can just encode a different action field into your cookies, so that when you get those events, you end up in a different case in the decoding switch(), where you "fake" the response in a suitable way. Taking some Audiality code as an example: switch(ev->type) { case VE_START: voice_start(v, ev->arg1); ... break; case VE_STOP: voice_kill(v); aev_free(ev); return; /* Back in the voice pool! --> */ case VE_SET: v->c[ev->index] = ev->arg1; if(VC_PITCH == ev->index) v->step = calc_step(v); break; case VE_ISET: v->ic[ev->index].v = ev->arg1 << RAMP_BITS; v->ic[ev->index].dv = 0; break; case VE_IRAMP: v->ic[ev->index].dv = ev->arg1 << RAMP_BITS; v->ic[ev->index].dv -= v->ic[ev->index].v; v->ic[ev->index].dv /= ev->arg2; break; case VE_ISTOP: v->ic[ev->index].dv = 0; break; } (which requires senders to special-case normal and ramped controls) becomes: switch(ev->cookie & 0xf) { case VE_START: voice_start(v, ev->arg1); ... break; case VE_STOP: voice_kill(v); aev_free(ev); return; /* Back in the voice pool! --> */ case VE_SET: v->c[ev->index] = ev->arg1; break; case VE_SET_PITCH: v->step = calc_step(v); v->c[ev->index] = ev->arg1; break; case VE_RAMP: v->c[ev->index] = ev->arg1 << RAMP_BITS; case VE_STOP: break; case VE_ISET: v->ic[ev->index].v = ev->arg1 << RAMP_BITS; v->ic[ev->index].dv = 0; break; case VE_IRAMP: v->ic[ev->index].dv = ev->arg1 << RAMP_BITS; v->ic[ev->index].dv -= v->ic[ev->index].v; v->ic[ev->index].dv /= ev->arg2; break; case VE_ISTOP: v->ic[ev->index].dv = 0; break; } Notice the new VE_RAMP and VE_STOP actions? Those are where ramping events go if you send them to a non-ramped control. Also note that VE_SET_PITCH no longer needs an extra conditional to run (the rather expensive) calc_step() for the pitch control. Just encode whatever action you want into the cookie for each control connected. A full control target now looks like this: struct AEV_target { AEV_queue *queue; Uint32 set_cookie; Uint32 ramp_cookie; Uint32 stop_cookie; } AEV_target; One cookie for each type of action there is for a control. This way, you can encode *all* aspects of control handling into the cookie, without adding any significant complexity or overhead to senders. You could have only one set of control event handlers, or you could have one set of cases for *each control*! You decide. I'm definitely switching to this system internally in Audiality. (And if it's a bad idea, you'll find out...! :-) (Note that STOP is just to deal with the limited accuracy of the integer math in Audiality - and that might actually have been a "false fix" for another bug I found later. Will try without STOP again, and/or tweak the ramping code. Or just ditch the bl**dy integer code! :-) //David Olofson - Programmer, Composer, Open Source Advocate .- The Return of Audiality! --------------------------------. | Free/Open Source Audio Engine for use in Games or Studio. | | RT and off-line synth. Scripting. Sample accurate timing. | `---------------------------> http://olofson.net/audiality -' --- http://olofson.net --- http://www.reologica.se ---

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] this morning's cvs: via82xx build error?

by Fernando Pablo Lopez-Lezcano

Very strange: I'm seeing this while trying to compile the alsa drivers: gcc -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE=1 -I/usr/src/redhat/BUILD/alsa-driver-0.9.0/include -I/lib/modules/2.4.19-1.llsmp/build/include -O2 -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 -march=i686 -D__SMP__ -DCONFIG_SMP -DLINUX -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe -DALSA_BUILD -DKBUILD_BASENAME=via82xx -c -o via82xx.o via82xx.c In file included from via82xx.c:1: ../alsa-kernel/pci/via82xx.c: In function `snd_via82xx_create': ../alsa-kernel/pci/via82xx.c:1588: structure has no member named `rate_lock' make[1]: *** [via82xx.o] Error 1 The error happens when compiling in an SMP host with gcc2.96, but the same tarfile compiles fine on a UP host with gcc2.96 (same kernel) and on another UP host with gcc3.2... -- Fernando

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] Catching up with XAP

by David Olofson

[Lost touch with the list, so I'm trying to catch up here... I did notice that gardena.net is gone - but I forgot that I was using david(a)gardena.net for this list! *heh*] > Subject: Re: [linux-audio-dev] more on XAP Virtual Voice ID system > From: Tim Hockin (thockin_AT_hockin.org) > Date: Fri Jan 10 2003 - 00:49:07 EET > > > The plugin CAN use the VVID table to store flags about the > > > voice, > > > as you suggested. I just want to point out that this is > > > essentially the same as the plugin communicating to the host > > > about > > > voices, just more passively. > > > > Only the host can't really make any sense of the data. > > If flags are standardized, it can. Int32: 0 = unused, +ve = plugin > owned, -ve = special meaning. Sure. I just don't see why it would be useful, or why the VVID subsystem should be turned into some kind of synth status API. > > > It seems useful. > > > > Not really, because of the latency, the polling requirement and > > the coarse timing. > > When does the host allocate from the VVID list? Between blocks. As > long as a synth flags or releases a VVID during it's block, the > host benefits from it. The host has to keep a list of which VVIDs > it still is working with, right? No. Only the one who *allocated* a VVID can free it - and that means the sender. If *you* allocate a VVID, you don't want the host to steal it back whenever the *synth* decides it doesn't need the VVID any more. You'd just have to double check "your" VVIDs whenever you send events - and this just to support something that's really a synth implementation detail that just happens to take advantage of a host service. > > > If the plugin can flag VVID table entries as released, the host > > > can have a better idea of which VVIDs it can reuse. > > > > Why would this matter? Again, the host does *not* do physical > > voice management. > > > > You can reuse a VVID at any time, because *you* know whether or > > not you'll need it again. The synth just doesn't care, as all it > > will > > right, but if you hit the ned of the list and loop back to the > start, you need to find the next VVID that is not in use by the > HOST. No, you just need to find the next VVID that *you're* not using, and reassign that to a new context. (ALLOC_VVID or whatever.) You don't really care whether or not the synth's version of a context keeps running for some time after you stop sending events for context; only the synth does - and if you're not going to send any more events for a context, there's no need to keep the VVID. > That can include VVIDs that have ended spontaneously (again, > hihat sample or whatever). VVIDs can't end spontaneously. Only synth voices can, and VVIDs are only temporary references to voices. A voice may detach itself from "it's" VVID, but the VVID is still owned by the sender, and it's still effectively bound to the same context. BTW, this means that synths should actually keep the voice control state for a VVID until it actually knows the context has ended. Normally, this just means that voices don't really detach themselves from VVIDs, but rather just go to sleep, until stolen or woken up again. That is, synths with "virtual voices" might actually have use for a "DETACH_VVID" event. Without it, they basically have to keep both real and virtual voices indefinitely. Not sure it actually matters much, though. Performance wise, it just means you have to deal with voice controls and their ramping (if supported). And since a ramp is actually two events (ramp event with "aim point" + terminator event or new ramp event), and given that ramping across blocks (*) is not allowed, it still means "no events, no processing." (*) I think I've said this before, but anyway: I don't think making ramping accross block boundaries illegal is a good idea. Starting a ramp is actually setting up a *state*. (The receiver transforms the event into a delta value that's applied to the value every sample frame.) It doesn't make sense to me to force senders to explicitly set a new state at the start of each block. Indeed, the fact that ramping events have target and duration arguments looks confusing, but really, it *is* an aim point; not a description of a ramp with a fixed duration. If this was a perfect world (without rounding errors...), you would have sent the delta value directly, but that just won't work in real life. If someone can come up with a better aim point format than <target, duration>, I'm all ears, because it really *is* confusing. It suggests that RAMP events don't behave like SET events, but that's just not the case. The only difference is that RAMP events set the internal "dvalue", while SET events set the "value", and zero "dvalue". > The host just needs to discard any > currently queued events for that (expired) VVID. The plugin is > already ignoreing them. The plugin is *not* ignoring them. It may route them to a "null voice", but that's basically an emergency action taken only when running out of voices. Normally, a synth would keep tracking events per VVID until the VVID is explicitly detached (see above), or the synth steals whatever object is used for the tracking. Again, DETACH_VVID might still be a good idea. Synths won't be able to steal the right voices if they can't tell passive contexts from dead contexts... [...] > > A bowed string instrument is "triggered" by the bow pressure and > > speed exceeding certain levels; not directly by the player > > thinking > > Disagree. SOUND is triggered by pressure/velocity. The instrument > is ready as soon as bow contacts the string. Well, you don't need a *real* voice until you need to play sound, do you? Either way, the distinction is a matter of synth implementation, which is why I think it should be "ignored" by the API. The API should not enforce the distinction, nor prevent synths from making use of the distinction. > > No, I see a host sending continous control data to an init-latched > > synth. This is nothing that an API can fix automatically. > > Ok, let me make it more clear. Again, same example. The host wants > to send 7 parameters to the Note-on. It sends 3 then VELOCITY. But > as soon as VELOCITY is received 'init-time' is over. This is bad. Yes, it's event ordering messed up. This will never happen unless the events are *created* out of order, or mixed up by some event processor. (Though, I can't see how an event processor could reorder incoming events while doing something useful. Remember; we're talking about real time events here; not events in a sequencer database.) > The host has to know which control ends init time. Why? So it can "automatically" reorder events at some point? > Thus the > NOTE/VOICE control we seem to be agreeing on. Indeed, users, senders and some event processors might need to know which events are "triggers", and which events are latched rather than continous. For example, my Wacom tablet would need to know which of X, Y, X-tilt, Y-tilt, Pressure and Distance to send last, and as what voice control. It may not always be obvious - unless it's always the NOTE/VOICE/GATE control. The easiest way is to just make one event the "trigger", but I'm not sure it's the right thing to do. What if you have more than one control of this sort, and the "trigger" is actually a product of both? Maybe just assume that synths will use the standardized NOTE/VOICE/GATE control for one of these, and act as if that was the single trigger? (It would have to latch initializers based on that control only, even if it doesn't do anything else that way.) [...] > > If it has no voice controls, there will be no VVIDs. You can still > > allocate and use one if you don't want to special case this, > > though. Sending voice control events to channel control inputs is > > safe, since the receiver will just ignore the 'vvid' field of > > events. > > I think that if it wants to be a synth, it understands VVIDS. It > doesn't have to DO anything with them, but it needs to be aware. Right, but I'm not even sure there is a reason why they should be aware of VVIDs. What would a mono synth do with VVIDs that anyone would care about? > And the NOTE/VOICE starter is a voice-control, so any Instrument > MUST have that. This is very "anti modular synth". NOTE/VOICE/GATE is a control type hint. I see no reason to imply that it can only be used for a certain kind of controls, since it's really just a "name" used by users and/or hosts to match ins and outs. Why make Channel and Voice controls more different than they have to be? * Channel->Channel: * Voice->Voice: Just make the connection. These are obviously 100% compatible. * Voice->Channel: Make the connection, and assume the user knows what he/she is doing, and won't send polyphonic data this way. (The Channel controls obviously ignore the extra indexing info in the VVIDs.) * Channel->Voice: This works IFF the synth ignores VVIDs. You could have channel/voice control "mappers" and stuff, but I don't see why they should be made more complicated than necessary, when in most cases that make sense, they can actually just be NOPs. About VVID management: Since mono synths won't need VVIDs, host shouldn't have to allocate any for them. (That would be a waste of resources.) The last case also indicates a handy shortcut you can take if you *know* that VVIDs won't be considered. Thus, I'd suggest that plugins can indicate that they won't use VVIDs. [...] > > Why? What does "end a voice" actually mean? > > It means that the host wants this voice to stop. If there is a > release phase, go to it. If not, end this voice (in a > plugin-dpecific way). > Without it, how do you enter the release phase? Right, then we agree on that as well. What I mean is just that "end a voice" doesn't *explicitly* kill the voice instantly. What might be confusing things is that I don's consider "voice" and "context" equivalent - and VVIDs refer to *contexts* rather than voices. There will generally be either zero or one voice connected to a context, but the same context may be used to play several notes. > > >From the sender POV: > > I'm done with this context, and won't send any more events > > referring to it's VVID. > > No. It means I want the sound on this voice to stop. It implies the > above, too. After a VOICE_OFF, no more events will be sent for this > VVID. That just won't work. You don't want continous pitch and stuff to work except when the note is on? Stopping a note is *not* equivalent to releasing the context in which it was played. Another example that demonstrates why this distinction matters would be a polyphonic synth with automatic glisando. (Something you can hardly get right with MIDI, BTW. You haveto use multiple monophonic channels, or trust the synth to be smart enough to do the right thing.) Starting a new note on a VVID when a previous note is still in the release phase would cause a glisando, while if the VVID has no playing voice, one would be activated and started as needed to play a new note. The sender can't reliably know which action will be taken for each new note, so it really *has* to be left to the synth to decide. And for this, the lifetime of VVIDs/contexts need to span zero or more notes, with no upper limit. > > >From the synth POV: > > The voice assigned to this VVID is now silent and passive, > > More, the VVID is done. No more events for this VVID. Nope, not unless *both* the synth and the sender have released the VVID. > The reason > that VVID_ALLOC is needed at voice_start is because the host might > never have sent a VOICE_OFF. Or maybe we can make it simpler: If the host/sender doesn't sent VOICE_OFF when needed, it's broken, just like a MIDI sequencer that forgets to stop playing notes when you hit the stop button. And yes, this is another reason to somehow mark the VOICE/NOTE/GATE control as special. > Host turns the NOTE/VOICE on. > It can either turn the NOTE/VOICE off or DETACH it. Here your > detach name makes more sense. VOICE_OFF and DETACH *have* to be separate concepts. (See above.) > A step sequencer would turn a note > on, then immediately > detach. It would have to send note off as well I think, or we'd have another special case to make all senders compatible with all synths. (And if "note on" is actually a change of the VOICE/GATE control from 0 to 1, you *have* to send an "off" event as well, or the synth won't detect any further "note on" events in that context.) > > assumed to be more special than it really is. > > NOTE/VOICE_ON/VOICE_OFF > > is a gate control. What more do you need to say about it? > > Only if you assume a voice lives forever, which is wasteful. It may be wasteful to use real, active voices just to track control changes, but voice control tracking cannot be avoided. > Besides that, a gate that gets turned off and on and off and on > does not restart a voice, just mutes it temporarily. Not pause, not > restart - mute. Who says? I think that sounds *very* much like a synth implementation thing - but point taken; "GATE" is probably not a good name. [...] > Well, you CAN change Program any time you like - it is not a > per-voice control. In fact, on some MIDI synths, you have to assume it is, sort of. Sending a PC to a Roland JV-1080 has it instantl kill any notes playing on that channel, go to sleep for a few hundreds of a second, and then process any events that might have arrived for the channel during the "nap". This really sucks, but that's the way it works, and it's probably not the only synth that does this. (The technical reason is most probably that spare "patch slots" would have been required to do it in any other way - and as I've discovered with Audiality, that's not as trivial to get right as it might seem at first. You have to let the old patch see *some* of the new events for the channel, until the old patch decides to die.) AWE, Live! and Audigy cards don't do it this way - but PC is *still* not an ordinary control. Playing notes remain controlled by the old patch until they receive their NoteOffs. PC always has to occur *before* new notes. Either way, MIDI doesn't have many voice controls at all, and our channel controls are more similar to MIDI (Channel) CCs in some ways. (Not addressed by note pitch, most importantly.) That is, they can't be compared directly - but the concept that some controls must be sent before they're latched to have the desired effect is still relevant. [...] > Idea 2: similar to idea 1, but less explicit. > -- INIT: > send SET(new_vvid, ctrl) /* implicitly creates a voice */ > send VOICE_ON(new_vvid) /* start the vvid */ > -- RELEASE: > send SET(new_vvid, ctrl) /* send with time X */ > send VOICE_OFF(vvid) /* also time X - plug 'knows' it was for > release */ I see why you don't like this. You're forgetting that it's the *value* that is the "initializer" for the VOICE_OFF action; not the SET event that brings it. Of course the plugin "knows" - the last set put a new value into the control that the VOICE_OFF action code looks at! :-) A synth is a state machine, and the events are just what provides it with data and - directly or indirectly - triggers state changes. We have two issues to deal with, basically: 1. Tracking of voice controls. 2. Allocation and control of physical voices. The easy way is to assume that you use a physical voice whenever you need to track voice controls, but that's just an assumption that a synth author would make to make the implementation simpler. It doesn't *have* to be done that way. If 1 and 2 are handled as separate things by a synth, 2 becomes an implementation issue *entirely*. Senders and hosts don't really have a right to know anything about this - mostly because there are so many ways of doing it that it just doesn't make sense to pretend that anyone cares. As to 1, that's what we're really talking about here. When do you start and stop tracking voice controls? Simple: When you get the first control for a "new" VVID, start tracking. When you know there will be no more data for that VVID, or that you just don't care anymore (voice and/or context stolen), stop tracking. So, this is what I'm sugesting ( {X} means loop X, 0+ times ) : * Context allocation: // Prepare the synth to receive events for 'my_vvid' send(ALLOC_VVID, my_vvid) // (Control tracking starts here.) { * Starting a note: // Set up any latched controls here send(CONTROL, <whatever>, my_vvid, <value>) ... // (Synth updates control values.) // Start the note! send(CONTROL, VOICE, my_vvid, 1) // (Synth latches "on" controls and (re)starts // voice. If control tracking is not done by // real voices, this is when a real voice would // be allocated.) * Stopping a note: send(CONTROL, <whatever>, my_vvid, <value>) ... // (Synth updates control values.) // Stop the note! send(CONTROL, VOICE, my_vvid, 0) // (Synth latches "off" controls and enters the // release phase.) * Controling a note (even in release phase!): send(CONTROL, <whatever>, my_vvid, <value>) // (Synth updates control value.) } * Context deallocation: // Tell the synth we won't talk any more about 'my_vvid' send(DETACH_VVID, my_vvid) // (Control tracking stops here.) This still contains a logic flaw, though. Continous control synths won't necessarily trigger on the VOICE control changes. Does it make sense to assume that they'll latch latched controls at VOICE control changes anyway? It seems illogical to me, but I can see why it might seem to make sense in some cases... //David Olofson - Programmer, Composer, Open Source Advocate .- The Return of Audiality! --------------------------------. | Free/Open Source Audio Engine for use in Games or Studio. | | RT and off-line synth. Scripting. Sample accurate timing. | `---------------------------> http://olofson.net/audiality -' --- http://olofson.net --- http://www.reologica.se ---

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] XAP - VVID Extended Midi Protocal

by Fons Adriaensen

Following the discussion on VVIDs, I've been thinking about how the MIDI protocol could be modified to encompass explicit contexts. To my surprise, this would quite simple. I'll call the new protocol ECMP (Explicit Context Midi Protocol -- just a working name). Key features are: 1. Easy conversion MIDI <--> ECMP. To convert a MIDI stream to ECMP, just insert a zero byte as the second byte of each voice message (or as the first byte if running status is used). To convert ECMP to MIDI, just skip the inserted bytes which are easy to find, and what remains is standard MIDI. So porting existing instruments to use ECMP but ignore the extensions is almost trivial. 2. Allows to have a 'set of mono synths' (up to 127 at a time) on a single channel. 3. Caters for the needs of continuous control synths (I think). These are the standard MIDI voice messages, with the new byte inserted: 0x80+c z k v note off 0x90+c z k v note on 0xA0+c z k p aftertouch 0xB0+c z n x controller 0xC0+c z a program change 0xD0+c z p channel pressure 0xE0+c z b c pitch wheel c = channel number z = inserted context number k = key (pitch) p = pressure v = velocity x = controller value a = program number b, c = pitch wheel value If the context number is 0, this means standard MIDI behaviour, all contexts numbered zero are independent of each other. A 'note on' with a non-zero context number creates the context if it does not already exist. If it does already exist, the new note is started in the existing context. What that means is defined by the patch. Each such context is either in the 'on' or 'off' state, depending on which one of 'note on' or 'note off' was most recently received. When a context is 'off' and it reaches an internal state where its further existence does no longer matter (e.g. all envelopes are at the end of their release phase), it is destroyed. If a context never reaches such a point, it can be explicitly destroyed by 'note off' received in the 'off' state. Control messages (including aftertouch, pitch wheel, etc.) are ignored if they refer to a non-existing context. For the 'channel pressure' message, z = 0 means 'channel pressure', which means all contexts, and z > 0 refers to a specific context. 'Channel program' with z = 0 has its normal meaning. If z > 0, it could be used to associate a context number with a specific patch variation or static parameter set. For example, a patch that contains a simulation of four different violin strings could use this message to associate a context number with a particular string. If z > 0 in the 'aftertouch' message, then the key (pitch) parameter is effectively redundant. I propose to keep it anyway, as this allows conversion to standard MIDI (and you may get 'almost' what you want). For continuous control instruments, a context or voice is created by a 'note-on' message. The interpretation of the key and velocity params is up to the patch, but normally no sound should be produced at this point. The context will continue to exist until the end of the performance, when it is removed by a double 'note off'. Comments invited !! -- Fons Adriaensen

21 years, 4 months

[linux-audio-dev] [ANN] JACK RACK now hosted on sourceforge

by Bob Ham

Hi all, I decided it was time to get some proper hosting. The sourceforge summary page is at http://sourceforge.net/projects/jack-rack/ . There's a mailing list, jack-rack-devel which you can subscribe to with http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/jack-rack-devel . Nothing in CVS as of yet. Bob

21 years, 4 months

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Linux-audio-dev January 2003