25 Apr
2010
25 Apr
'10
4:44 p.m.
Hiho,
On Sunday 25 April 2010 03:31:33 Niels Mayer wrote:
On Sat, Apr 24, 2010 at 7:50 PM, nescivi
<nescivi(a)gmail.com> wrote:
yes, it is.
yes, and in fact for higher frequency signals it
is generally understood
in
psycho-acoustics that we distinguish location
more by level differences
(due
to masking of the head) than by phase
differences, as the latter have
become
quite irrelevant, as the wavelength of these
higher frequency is
generally much smaller than our ears are apart from each other. OTOH, the
high
frequency
waves have a harder time bending around our
heads, and thus create level
differences based on whether the sound source is to the left or right of
us.
Thank you for providing some useful perspective and attitude. (Is this your
work? http://www.aes.org/events/122/papers/session.cfm?code=P5
"Reproduction of Arbitrarily Shaped Sound Sources with Wave Field
Synthesis—Physical and Perceptual Effects" -- Very interesting!!) What is the frequency at which these diffraction level
effects produce
level differences in the ears?? Are the results taken from
http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=14003 ? (The Effect of Head
Diffraction on Stereo Localization in the Mid-Frequency Range—Eric
Benjamin, Phil Brown, Dolby Laboratories - San Francisco, CA, USA) -- IMHO,
that paper explicitly focused on the mid-frequency range -- doesn't mean
that is the extent of our hearing, nor is it clear they deny high-frequency
effects, as they'd be in contradiction to a huge body of academic
literature that states the exact contrary. Further, by limiting to "stereo
localization" and mid-range they're implicitly ignoring pinna effects and
throwing their experimental results in the direction they planned to prove
in the first place: which is pretty obvious basic mixing -- you can use a
pan-pot to place a midrange source in a stereo field. Also, i very much
doubt they did they experiments to the same standards demanded by academic
psychology research -- are their findings Post hoc ergo propter
hoc scientific justification for existing product features or limitations?
Has anybody in psychology accepted their findings as valid? Or reproduced
the results independent of Dolby's financial interests??
Just reading the abstract of that paper, they are looking at this range,
because it is in the transition range between where frequencies are completely
masked by the head, and where the sound waves easily bend around the head; and
they were prompted to look in more detail at the theoretical model, as they
found anomalies in localisation tests.
From what I understand from the introduction, in this paper they are looking
at a better way of modeling the signal path from the speakers to both ears,
and have come up with a model that takes into account diffraction, rather than
a model which just assumes that one ear is in the shadow zone.
They've then compared their modelled signals at the ears, with signal they
measured at listener's ears and found they were more in agreement.
I don't think they are ignoring any of the other effects, they are just
focusing on how thing works in this frequency range.
A regular method of science... reducing the problem at study to a specific
issue that you can control, and the issue that you have modelled and want to
verify.
The part that doesn't make sense is that we can
also localize sound
up/down/front/back and certainly for up/down, level differences between the
ears couldn't explain our ability to localize -- pinnae and high-frequency
response does. Which is what the animal and perception psychology
literature tells us. Fortunately, there *ARE* animal studies very similar
to the ones i suggested we do, before declaring -- apriori -- what sound
matters and what sound doesn't.
No one is denying that; not even the authors of that paper; it is just not
something they were studying in that specific paper.
Nor do I deny that. I only stated that for horizontal localisation, in the
higher frequency ranges interaural level differences play a role, more than
interaural time differences. Indeed for vertical and back/front localisation,
the pinnae shape is quite important.
You can test this yourself (well, you need one more person to help you), by
cupping your hands around your ears, folding your pinnae, closing your eyes
and having someone make some noises (shaking keys or something) at various
places around your head and let you pinpoint them.
Saying that one ear doesn't get certain high frequency content, doesn't mean
that we don't hear the high frequency... the other ear will get it.
oh, and you'll find some papers in the AES literature about pinna envy...
One thing you might find interesting is that there is
at least
counterargument to your statement for mammals -- with a 33khz hearing
limit, requiring 40Khz bandwidth, and performing worse on a sound
localization task as the bandwidth reduces under 20Khz: "like humans,
chinchillas use the upper octave of their hearing range for sound
localization using pinna cues." And yet we allocate very little resolution,
at 44.1Ksamples/second, to hearing from which we derive positional cueues:
"In humans, frequencies as high as 15 kHz have been shown to be necessary
either for optimal discrimination in the lateral field or in elevation
(Hebrank and Wright, 1974; Belendiuk and Butler, 1975).
Maybe for stereo hi-fi reproduction we don't want optimal localisation ;)
After all, not sitting in the sweet spot for a set of stereo speakers already
affects the perfect stereo listening experience. And.. since we're putting
these speakers normally at ear height, we are not interested in elevation cues
from them either.
sincerely,
Marije