I think what Fons says is correct. You can get close using just a sine wave and two complicated envelopes for amplitude and frequency. I did a bunch of bird songs this way back around 1980 -- see bird.scm in the Snd package. These are in Scheme using CLM, but it should be easy to grab the envelopes and use them elsewhere. The Snd package also has animals.scm: much more sophisticated attempts to synthesize birds, frogs, insects, etc. There's a brief discussion of that file in sndscm.html#animalsdoc also in the Snd package. But in any case, listen to say a hermit thrush or a red-winged blackbird slowed down and transposed down -- unbelievably beautiful! I really had a blast trying to synthesize these songs. _______________________________________________ Linux-audio-user mailing list Linux-audio-user(a)lists.linuxaudio.org https://lists.linuxaudio.org/listinfo/linux-audio-user