After a lot of experimenting over many years, I am at a loss for how I can achieve the following (without lots of "painful experimentation"): * normalize the RMS volume of a group of samples * max value of the loudest peak in the group doesn't exceed xxx db * no limiting/clipping/compression Imagine a (non-existent) command line such as: $ normalize-audio --rms --max-peak=xxxdb --as-lossless-as-possible note that with normalize-audio 0.7.7: $ normalize-audio --peak --no-adjust $ normalize-audio --no-adjust result in exactly the same output: level peak gain -44.9045dBFS -26.6550dBFS 32.9045dB china-22in_zildjian-1.wav -36.0490dBFS -18.3966dBFS 24.0490dB china-22in_zildjian-2.wav -33.1798dBFS -14.9723dBFS 21.1798dB china-22in_zildjian-3.wav -25.6555dBFS -5.5081dBFS 13.6555dB china-22in_zildjian-4.wav -18.4676dBFS -1.4021dBFS 6.4676dB china-22in_zildjian-5.wav -17.8024dBFS -0.0540dBFS 5.8024dB china-22in_zildjian-6.wav In this case, the file with a peak of -0.054db is adjusted by +5.8db in both cases, resulting in clipping/limiting etc. Shane Richards Producer, Composer, Multi-instrumentalist Josh Music shanerich(a)email.com www.josh.com.co www.shanerichardsmusic.com