Hi, I have played a little bit with the connections of latencies, distances and notes, just to get things in perspectives. We always try to keep the latencies as low as possible and I'm no exception: my every day standard is 2.9 ms, but decreases down to 0.72 in recording situations and maybe up to 20-50 ms when mixing (working in Ardour). So how long time (latency) does it tak from when you tap rhythm with the foot to you or other can hear it, and how is it between the members of a big orchestra? Big latencies are apparently very common in real life situations and it's fun to know about it. So here is the result of a wasted hour (hope every number is right), enjoy. Time in Length Note, ms in m 120 bpm Comments ======== ======= ======= =========================================== 1000.00 343.00 1/1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound 500.00 171.50 1/2 Common delay speed (echo) 250.00 85.75 1/4 " 125.00 42.88 1/8 " 100.00 34.30 62.50 21.44 1/16 Distance between people in a big orch. * 46.40 15.92 Latency value 31.25 10.72 1/32 Wow, playing fast! * 23.20 7.96 Latency value 15.63 5.36 1/64 Playing real music that fast? Get a life! * 11.60 3.98 Latency value 10.00 3.43 7.81 2.68 1/128 Academic interest (musically) * 5.80 1.99 Latency value 5.00 1.72 Dist. from ear to foot 3.91 1.34 1/256 * 2.90 0.99 Latency value (64 f/p, 44100, 2 p/b) 1.96 0.67 1/512 * 1.45 0.50 Latency, common dist. to monitor 1.00 0.34 Not an uncommon distance to mic or wife 0.98 0.33 1/1024 * 0.73 0.25 Latency value 0.49 0.17 1/2048 Still of academic interest (musically) * The latency numbers is taken from qjackctl's setup dialog box when frames/period are from 16 to 1024 on a 44100 sample rate system with 2 periods/buffer. This shows that the quite common rule of keeping everything under approx 10 ms make sense, right? :-) Jostein